Constipation MDMLast reviewed: March 2026 Contents MDM Templates Functional Constipation Fecal Impaction Obstipation / Concern for Obstruction Clinical Education Red Flags Treatment Ladder Opioid-Induced Constipation Pediatric Constipation Disposition References MDM Templates Functional Constipation Patient presents with abdominal discomfort and decreased bowel movements. Well appearing without distension, guarding, or peritoneal signs. History and exam not consistent … More Constipation MDM

Tracheostomy Problems Last reviewed: March 2026 Quick Links: MDM Templates Clinical Education References MDM Templates Tracheostomy Bleeding Patient with established tracheostomy presents with bleeding from the stoma site. Bleeding volume is modest and hemodynamically stable. Patient well-appearing with normal oxygen saturation on current trach settings. History and exam lower suspicion for massive hemorrhage, deep tracheal … More Tracheostomy Problems MDM

patient presents after diving ___ hours ago. Ascent was controlled.Complains of joint/extremity pain to ___.Complain of skin changes including ___.Complains of paresthesias to ___. Above symptoms after recent dive consistent with Type 1 Decompression Sickness.Patient without weakness, other neuro deficits, incontinence, new vertigo, or significant respiratory symptoms concerning for a more severe Type 2 Decompression Sickness … More Diving MDMs

Time of ingestion: Suspected ___Currently denies AH, VH, SI, HI.Psychiatric history includes: ___Complaining of ___ Was previously in normal state of health with no other medical complaints.Denies loss of consciousness, confusion, seizure, or memory impairment.Denies vomiting, numbness/weakness, fever.Denies SOB, chest pain.

Toxic Ingestions MDMLast reviewed: March 2026 Contents MDM Templates Acetaminophen Overdose Salicylate Toxicity TCA Toxicity Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Cyanide Toxicity Methemoglobinemia Clinical Education Acetaminophen Pearls Salicylate Pearls TCA Pearls Carbon Monoxide Pearls Serotonin Syndrome vs NMS Disposition References MDM Templates Acetaminophen Overdose Patient presents after intentional acetaminophen ingestion. Well appearing on arrival. No abdominal pain, … More Toxic Ingestions MDM

Alcoholic Ketoacidosis MDMLast reviewed: March 2026 Contents MDM Templates Alcoholic Ketoacidosis — Standard AKA — Severe / Concurrent Withdrawal Clinical Education Pathophysiology Diagnosis Treatment Pitfalls and Mimics Disposition References MDM Templates Alcoholic Ketoacidosis — Standard Patient presents with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain following recent binge drinking with subsequent decrease in oral intake. History consistent … More Alcoholic Ketoacidosis MDM

BRUE PEDs MDMLast reviewed: March 2026 Contents MDM Templates BRUE — Low Risk BRUE — Higher Risk Clinical Education What is a BRUE? Risk Stratification Low-Risk Workup: Less is More What BRUE is NOT When to Worry — Higher-Risk Features Disposition and Family Counseling References MDM Templates BRUE — Low Risk Infant presents with a … More BRUE PEDs MDM

Toxic Alcohols MDMLast reviewed: March 2026 Contents MDM Templates Isopropyl Alcohol Ingestion Methanol Poisoning Ethylene Glycol Poisoning Clinical Education Approach to Toxic Alcohol Ingestion Osmolar Gap and Anion Gap Isopropyl Alcohol Pearls Methanol Pearls Ethylene Glycol Pearls Fomepizole and Dialysis Disposition References MDM Templates Isopropyl Alcohol Ingestion Patient presents altered after suspected isopropyl alcohol ingestion. … More Toxic Alcohols MDM

Tumor Lysis Syndrome MDMLast reviewed: March 2026 Contents MDM Templates Tumor Lysis Syndrome TLS — Mild/Incidental Lab Findings Clinical Education Pathophysiology and Diagnosis Risk Stratification ED Management Rasburicase vs Allopurinol Hemodialysis Indications References MDM Templates Tumor Lysis Syndrome Patient presents with *** in the setting of recent chemotherapy (last treatment ***). Presentation is concerning for … More Tumor Lysis Syndrome MDM

Hypo/Hyperkalemia Management & Disposition Hypo/Hyperkalemia MDM Last reviewed: March 2026 Contents Overview & ECG Progression Hypokalemia Templates Hyperkalemia Templates ECG Changes in Detail Potassium Repletion Hyperkalemia Treatment Ladder Spurious Hyperkalemia & Hemolysis Correction Digoxin Toxicity Disposition Table References Overview & ECG Progression Potassium disorders are common ED presentations with significant morbidity if missed. Both hypo- … More Hypo/Hyperkalemia MDM